Interesting Facts:
- Art increases brain’s activity.
- Art helps students learn math and science better.
- Art makes people more creative and sociable.
- There are at least 12 different meanings for the word ‘art’ in English.

حقایق جالب
- هنر فعالیت مغز را افزایش می‌دهد.
- هنر به دانش‌آموزان کمک می‌کند ریاضی و علوم را بهتر یاد بگیرند.
- هنر افراد را خلاق‌تر و اجتماعی‌تر می‌کند.
- حداقل 12 معنی متفاوت برای واژه «هنر» در زبان انگلیسی وجود دارد.

Get Ready

A. Look at the pictures. Mark two parts on the map of Iran where these artworks and crafts are made.

Now match the pictures with the following words.
a) carpet
b) pottery
c) tilework
d) painting
e) calligraphy

a) فرش b) سفالگری c) کاشی‌کاری d) نقاشی e) خوشنویسی

B. Use the words in part A to complete the following sentences. Make the necessary changes.

1- I bought this beautiful pottery cup in Meibod.
2- The little boy was sleeping on the carpet it was soft and warm.
3- Can you read that calligraphy? It seems to be one of Nezami’s poems.
4- There is a collection of Farshchian’s paintings in Astan Ghods Museum.
5- There are lots of tileworks in Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque.

1- من این فنجان سفالی زیبا را از میبد خریدم.
2- پسر کوچک روی فرش خوابیده بود، آن نرم و گرم بود.
3- آیا می‌توانی آن خطاطی را بخوانی؟ به نظر می‌رسد یکی از اشعار نظامی است.
4- مجموعه‌ای از نقاشی‌های فرشچیان در موزهٔ آستان قدس وجود دارد.
5- کاشی‌کاری‌های زیادی در مسجد شیخ لطف‌الله وجود دارد.

C. How do you feel when you look at an artwork?

- happy and cheerful *
- uncertain and worried 
- bored and tired
- proud and hopeful *

1- خوشحال و شاد
2- نگران و مردد
3- خسته و کلافه
4- امیدوار و مغرور

Conversation

Listen to the conversation between Reza and a tourist.

Reza: How can I help you, sir?
Tourist: I am looking for some Iranian handicrafts.
Reza: Here you can find a range of Iranian hand-made products, from carpets to pottery and tilework, but we don’t sell metalwork.
Tourist: I’d like to buy a Persian carpet, but it seems too expensive.
Reza: The price depends on its size. Instead, you can take an Isfahan Termeh or a Qashqai Gabbeh.
Tourist: Wow! How touching this Gabbeh is! How much is it?
Reza: It is 85 dollars. If you buy more than 100 dollars, you’ll get a 20 percent discount. You can take this calligraphic tile for only 30 dollars.
Tourist: Well, I’ll take both. Please pack them for me.
Reza: Yes, sure.
Tourist: Do you work for this shop? Who has made these beautiful items?
Reza: Actually, it is my father’s workshop and store. I work here after school. All my family members work here to help our family business.
Tourist: Well done! How lucky you are to work in such a lovely shop! I really appreciate the culture and art of Iran.
Reza: Thank you very much. If you are interested in knowing more about our products, you can check this booklet.

رضا: چگونه می‌توانم به شما کمک کنم، آقا؟
جهانگرد: من به دنبال چند صنایع دستی ایرانی هستم؟
رضا: اینجا شما می‌توانید انواع محصولات دست‌ساز ایرانی را از انواع فرش‌ها تا سفالگری  و کاشی‌کاری پیدا کنید، اما ما کار فلزی نمی‌فروشیم.
جهانگرد: من تمایل دارم یک فرش ایرانی بخرم، اما خیلی گران به نظر می‌رسد.
رضا: قیمت بستگی به سایز آن دارد. در عوض شما می‌توانید یک ترمهٔ اصفهان یا یک گبهٔ قشقایی بردارید.
جهانگرد: وای! این گبه چقدر تأثیرگذار است! چند قیمت است؟
رضا: 85 دلار است. اگر شما بیش از 100 دلار خرید کنید، 20 درصد تخفیف خواهید گرفت. شما می‌توانید این کاشی خطاطی شده را فقط 30 دلار بردارید.
جهانگرد: خیلی خوب، هر دو را خواهم برد. لطفاً آن را برای من بسته‌بندی کنید.
رضا: بله حتماً.
جهانگرد: آیا شما برای این فروشگاه کار می‌کنید؟ چه کسی این اجناس زیبا را ساخته است؟
رضا: در حقیقت این کارگاه و فروشگاه پدرم است. من بعد از مدرسه اینجا کار می‌کنم. همهٔ اعضای خانوادهٔ من اینجا کار می‌کنند تا به تجارت خانوادگی‌مان کمک کنند.
جهانگرد: آفرین! چقدر خوش شانس هستید که در چنین فروشگاه دوست‌داشتنی‌ای کار می‌کنید. من واقعاً فرهنگ و هنر ایران را تحسین می‌کنم.
رضا: بسیار سپاسگزارم! اگر شما مشتاقید بیشتر دربارهٔ محصولات ما بدانید، می‌توانید این کتابچه را بررسی کنید.

New Words & Expressions

A. Look, Read and Practice.

B. Read and Practice.

custom: traditional or usual things that people do in an area; My uncle is interested in old local customs.

identity: Who or what a thing or person is; The policeman is searching for the identity of that man.

reflect: to show something; This poem reflects the poet’s love of nature.

humankind: all people; The World Wars have been really bad for humankind.

appreciate: to value somebody or something; Each society appreciates its art and culture

C. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do A and B.

Reading

Art, Culture and Society

Art is what people create with imagination and skill. As a part of culture, it shows the way of life and identity of a nation and reflects the history of a society. In fact, the history of humankind is the history of art. If we want to know a country or a nation well, we should study its art.

Handicrafts are good examples of the art and culture of a country. By handicrafts, we mean making decorative items in a skillful way using our hands. Each country and culture has its own handicrafts.

Making and selling handicrafts are good ways to help a country’s economy and introduce its culture to other nations. Many people of the world produce handicrafts and sell them to tourists. In some Asian countries a part of the country’s income comes from making and selling handicrafts.

Iran has a five-thousand-year-old history of artistic works and handicrafts including pottery, painting, calligraphy, rugs and carpets, etc. If you travel across Iran, you’ll get back home with excellent handicrafts as souvenirs for your family and friends.

Iranian art is also quite famous all around the world. There are very excellent collections of Persian art in many important museums of the world. If we want to name countries with richest art and cultural diversity, Iran is among them. Persian art is famous in the world for reflecting moral and social values of Iranian people and the natural beauty of this vast country.

Iranian craftsmen and craftswomen are famous for producing very unique artworks from wood, metal and other simple materials around them. Many people of the world appreciate the art and skill of a young Iranian girl who weaves a beautiful silk carpet in a small village of Azarbaijan or Kordestan. When tourists buy Persian rugs or carpets, they take a part of Iranian art and culture to their homelands.

هنر چیزی است که مردم با ابتکار و مهارت خلق می‌کنند. به عنوان بخشی از فرهنگ، شیوهٔ زندگی و هویت یک ملت را نشان می‌دهد و تاریخچهٔ یک جامعه را منعکس می‌کند. در حقیقت، تاریخچهٔ بشریت، پیشینهٔ هنر است. اگر ما بخواهیم یک کشور یا یک ملت را به خوبی بشناسیم، باید هنرش را بررسی کنیم.
صنایع دستی نمونه‌های خوبی از هنر و فرهنگ یک کشور هستند، مقصود ما از صنایع دستی، ساخت اقلام تزئینی به شیوهٔ ماهرانه با استفاده از دست‌هایمان است. هر کشور و فرهنگی صنایع دستی خاص خود را دارد.
ساخت و فروش صنایع دستی روش‌های خوبی برای کمک به اقتصاد کشور است و فرهنگشان را به ملت‌های دیگر معرفی می‌کند. مردم زیادی در جهان صنایع دستی تولید می‌کنند و آنها را به جهانگردان می‌فروشند. در بعضی از کشورهای آسیایی، یک بخش از درآمد کشور از ساخت و فروش صنایع دستی به دست می‌آید.
ایران پیشینه‌ای پنج هزار ساله در کارهای هنری و صنایع دستی از جمله سفال‌گری، نقاشی، خطاطی، قالیچه‌ها و فرش‌ها و... دارد. اگر به سراسر ایران سفر کنید، با صنایع دستی عالی به عنوان سوغات برای خانواده و دوستانتان به خانه باز خواهید گشت.
علاوه بر این، هنر ایرانی در سراسر جهان کاملاً مشهور است. مجموعه‌های بسیار عالی‌ای از هنر ایرانی در بسیاری از موزه‌های مهم جهان وجود دارد. اگر بخواهیم کشورهایی با غنی‌ترین هنر و تنوع فرهنگی را نام ببریم، ایران در بین آنهاست. هنر ایرانی در جهان به دلیل بازتاب ارزش‌های اجتماعی و اخلاقی مردم ایرانی و زیبایی طبیعی این کشور پهناور، معروف است.
زنان و مردان هنرمند ایرانی به دلیل تولید کارهای هنری بسیار بی‌نظیر از چوب، فلز و دیگر مواد سادهٔ اطرافشان معروف هستند. بسیاری از مردم جهان قدر هنر و مهارت یک دختر جوان ایرانی را که یک فرش زیبای ابریشم را در روستای کوچک آذربایجان یا کردستان می‌بافد، می‌دانند. زمانی که جهانگردان قالی یا فرش‌های ایرانی را می‌خرند، بخشی از هنر و فرهنگ ایرانی را به سرزمینشان می‌برند.

Reading Comprehension

A. Read the Reading. Use the above strategy to find what these words refer to.

1- it (paragraph 1, line 2) art
2- its (paragraph 2, line 3) each country
3- them (paragraph 3, line 3) handicrafts
4- them (paragraph 5, line 4) countries
5- they (paragraph 6, line 6) tourists

B. Scan the Reading to find the following information.

1- What does art reflect? It reflects the history of a society.
2- How can we help the economy of our country? Making and selling handicrafts are good ways to help a country’s economy.
3- Why is Persian art famous? Persian art is famous in the world for reflecting moral and social values of Iranian people and the natural beauty of this vast country.

C. Read the following sentences. Find each idea in the Reading and then write the number of the paragraph that discusses it.

1- Making and selling handicrafts help a country’s economy. Paragraph 3
2- Many people in the world value the art and skill of Iranian artists. Paragraph 5
3- Handicrafts can show the art and culture of a nation. Paragraph 2

Vocabulary Development

A. Write a word in each blank that is the opposite of the words in the left column.

B. Two of the words in each group are antonyms. Find them.

a) start / finish / decrease / produce
b) quickly / sadly / greatly / slowly
c) rise / move / reflect / fall
d) cheap / famous / expensive / interesting

C. Look back at the Reading to find synonyms and antonyms for the words.

a) In paragraph 1, find a synonym for ‘reflect’: show
b) In paragraph 3, find an antonym for ‘buy’: sell
c) In paragraph 5, find a synonym for ‘well-known’: famous
d) In paragraph 6, find an antonym for ‘ugly’: beautiful

Grammar

A. Read the following text.

B. Read the following examples.

C. Tell your teacher how ‘conditional sentences’ are made.

D. Read the Conversation and underline all ‘conditional sentences’.

E. Read the following paragraph and choose the best verb forms.

I sometimes think about my future job. I want to have a job to help the people of my country. When I (grow up / will grow up), I (become / will become) a teacher. I will work hard and help children. If I (teach / will teach) well, my students (learn / will learn) many things. If they (study / will study) hard, they (become / will become) successful in their lives. They can have good jobs in the future. They may become teachers, nurses, farmers, and artists. If my students (become / will become) successful, I (feel / will feel) happy and satisfied. This helps people to have a happier life.

F. Pair up and talk about the things you will do or will happen in the following conditions.

1- If it rains tomorrow, I will bring my umbrella.
2- If I study hard for my exams, I will pass them.
3- If we go to Noshahr this Friday, I will ride a horse.
4- If I eat so much junk food, I will be rick.
5- If I get a good mark, I will be happy.

G. Go to Part III of your Workbook and do A and B.

See Also (Phrasal verbs)

Read the following examples.

- Amir is bored with his present job.
- Mina got amused by the story.
- I’m totally confused. Would you please explain it again?
- He often gets depressed about his weight.
- I’m so excited that we’re going to Yazd.
- To tell the truth, I was frightened to death.
- I’ve always been interested in football.
- They were greatly surprised at the news.
- I’m tired of watching television; let’s go for a walk.

Listening & Speaking

A. We use ‘will’ with ‘if’ to talk about what will happen in the future if certain conditions are met at the present time.

- We want to buy a new store.
- Really, what for?
- We want to make and sell more pottery work.
- I’ve heard people are really interested in your work.
- Yeah, if everything goes well, we will open the new store in June.

B. Listen to the following conversations and fill in the blanks.

Conversation 1

1- They are going to have an exhibition of Persian art in Paris.
2- If all goes well, they will have the exhibition next spring.

Conversation 2

1- Mohammad is going to try the science Olympiad.
2- Amir is going to to help Mohammad.

Pronunciation

A. Listen to the following sentences. A part of the sentence has a rising intonation, another part of it has a falling intonation.

1- If I get the money, $\nearrow$ I will buy a new mobile phone. $\searrow$
2- We’ll get to the school late $\nearrow$ if the bus does not come on time. $\searrow$
3- If the kids answer the questions, $\nearrow$ the teacher will give them a prize. $\searrow$
4- You’ll get a good job $\nearrow$ if you work hard. $\searrow$

B. Listen to the sentences and draw upward or downward arrows for rising and falling intonations.

1- If it snows $\nearrow$ , people will drive carefully. $\searrow$
2- If I earn enough money next year $\nearrow$, I will buy a new car. $\searrow$
3- She will pass the exam $\nearrow$ if I help her. $\searrow$
4- If you eat healthy food $\nearrow$, you will live longer. $\searrow$

Writing

An infinitive is the ‘to’ form of a verb, for instance, the infinitive form of ‘study’ is ‘to study’.

Infinitive as Subject

You can use an infinitive as the subject of a sentence:
- To smoke is very bad for everyone.

But its gerund form is more natural:
- Smoking is very bad for everyone.

Infinitive as Object

We can also use infinitives as an object of a sentence.
- I like to watch this movie.
- She wanted to buy an Iranian handicraft.

After some verbs we use infinitives. The most common ones are:

choose
expect
decide
remember
want
try
promise
attempt
forget
agree
wait
learn

A. Complete the following sentences with the gerunds or infinitives of the verbs in the box.

learn / leave / make / give / catch / turn off

1) I went home after leaving the school.
2) I have decided to learn Spanish.
3) We can’t learn English without making mistakes.
4) Mahboobeh bought some flowers to give to her mother.
5) Remember to turn off the lights.
6) I ran fast to catch the bus.

Some other common adjectives are:

careful
amazed
certain
ashamed
glad
fortunate
shocked
lucky
sorry
surprised

B. Using five adjectives from the above, write five sentences with infinitives about yourself.

1. I've been fortunate to find a career that I love.
2. I'm lucky to speak Spanish very quickly.
3. I'm surprised to go to the birthday party.
4. I was shocked to talk with my boss.
5. I am ashamed to say that I've never read any of poet's books.

C. Read the Reading and find all gerunds and infinitives.

Gerunds: making. selling, reflecting, producing.
Infinitives: to know, to name

What You Learned

A. Listen to the first part of a report.

1- Fill in the blanks based on what you’ve just heard.
- Art is helpful in curing the sick.
People can make simple artworks to communicate their feelings.
- If sick people practice art…
If sick people communciate their feelings with simpel artworks.

2- Listen again and take note of all ‘if clauses’.

B. Now read the rest.

Art can improve people’s physical, mental, and emotional wellness. If people use their art skills in a right way, they will be able to communicate their feelings. They will understand their family and friends better. Art can help people have better relationship with each other. The power of art decreases the risk of many illnesses such as heart attack. If people practice art, they will get along with their stress and enjoy the pleasure of making artwork. You can try this by drawing simple things or making simple objects. You will see its power!

3- What does ‘their’ in line 2 refer to? What does ‘its’ in the last line refer to?
their in line 2 refers to ‘people’. its in the last lien refers to ‘art’

4- Underline all ‘conditional sentences’.
If people use their art skills in a right way…..

C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer.

- Can everyone make artwork? Sure, everyone can do that.
- How does art help us understand our family? We can understand their feelings.
- Have you ever visited an art gallery? Yes/No …