Interesting Facts:
- People with higher education usually live longer.
- Our health improves when we visit our friends and family members.
- Sitting a lot increases health risks.
- Laughter is the best medicine for your health.

حقایق جالب
-  افراد با تحصیلات بالاتر معمولاً بیشتر زندگی می‌کنند.
- سلامتی ما زمانی که دوستان و اعضای خانوادهٔ خود را می‌بینیم، بهتر می‌شود.
- نشستن زیاد خطرات سلامتی را افزایش می‌دهد.
- خنده، بهترین دارو برای سلامتی شماست.

Get Ready

A. Look at the people in the pictures. Check if what they are doing is good for their health.

Now match the pictures with the words and sentences.
(a) worked
(b) jog
(c) hangs out
(d) eating
(e) surfing
(f) climbed

a) کارکرد
b) آهسته دویدن
c) وقت می‌گذراند
d) خوردن
e) استفاده، جستجو کردن
f) صعود کرد، بالا رفت

1. Behzad likes junk food when he’s watching TV.
2. Reza is the net.
3. I go out and every morning at 6.
4. Mahdi with his friends on Fridays.
5. They Mount Damavand last year.

1- بهزاد خوردن تنقلات را زمانی که تلویزیون تماشا می‌کند، دوست دارد.
2- رضا در حال استفاده از اینترنت است.
3- من هر روز صبح ساعت 6 بیرون می‌روم و آهسته می‌دوم.
4- مهدی روزهای جمعه با دوستانش وقت می‌گذراند.
5- آنها سال گذشته از کوه دماوند بالا رفتند.

B. In the pyramid below circle the food you eat each day.

oil / candy
milk / cheese / ice-cream / egg / meat / fish / chicken
tomato / carrot / onion / apple / orange / banana / quince
rice / bread / spaghetti

روغن / آبنبات
شیر / پنیر / بستنی / تخم مرغ / گوشت / ماهی / مرغ
گوجه فرنگی / هویج / پیاز / سیب / پرتغال / موز / به
برنج / نان / ماکارونی

Do you think you have a healthy diet? How do you know that?

C. Read the following sentences and use adverbs of frequency (never, sometimes, often, usually, always) to show how often you do them.

1- I work on my computer. I usually work on my computer.
2- I watch TV in the afternoon. I usually watch TV in the afternoon.
3- I go out and play with my friends. I often go out and play with my friends.  
4- I eat fast food. I sometimes eat fast food.
5- I walk to school. I always walk to school.

1- من با کامپیوتر کار می‌کنم.
2- من بعدازظهر تلویزیون تماشا می‌کنم.
3- من بیرون می‌روم و با دوستانم بازی می‌کنم.
4- من فست‌فود می‌خورم.
5- من پیاده به مدرسه می‌روم.

Compare your answers with your classmates’.

Conversation

Sina and Behzad are old friends. They have not seen each other for about three months. Behzad has called Sina.

Behzad: Hi Sina. How is it going? I haven’t seen you since Norooz.
Sina: Hi Behzad. Thanks for calling. I am home most of the time. I do different things like surfing the net and playing computer games.
Behzad: How about your free time? Going out, jogging, playing football,...?
Sina: Nope. I rarely go out and hang out with my friends.
Behzad: I see. Reza and I are going to Darband for climbing and walking this Thursday. We really like to see you. Will you come with us?
Sina: What?! Oh, no, I haven’t been there for a long time. I prefer to stay home and watch my movies on the weekend. I’ve bought lots of things to eat, too.
Behzad: Come on! Stop being a couch potato! I guess you haven’t exercised for a long time. I think you are a bit fat now.
Sina: Um… actually, you’re right. I’ve gained five kilos in three months. I really do not like to move!
Behzad: See? I told you. Working with computers for a long time makes people sick and depressed. I’ve read about this somewhere.
Sina: All right. You won!… When and where should we meet?

سینا و بهزاد دوستان قدیمی هستند. آنها حدود سه ماه یکدیگر را ندیده‌اند. بهزاد با سینا تماس گرفته است.
بهزاد: سلام سینا. اوضاع چطور است؟ تو را از نوروز ندیده‌ام.
سینا: سلام بهزاد. ممنون از تماست. من بیشتر وقت‌ها خانه‌ام. من کارهای مختلفی مانند جست‌وجو در اینترنت و بازی کردن با بازی‌های کامپیوتری می‌کنم.
بهزاد: اوقات فراغتت چطور؟ بیرون رفتن، آهسته دویدن، فوتبال بازی کردن، ....؟
سینا: نه من به ندرت بیرون می‌روم و با دوستانم وقت می‌گذرانم.
بهزاد: متوجه هستم. من و رضا این پنجشنبه برای کوهنوردی و پیاده‌روی به دربند می‌رویم. ما خیلی دوست داریم تو را ببینیم. آیا با ما می‌آیی؟
سینا: چی؟ اوه. نه، من مدت زیادی است که آنجا نبوده‌ام. من ترجیح می‌دهم آخر هفته خانه بمانم و فیلم‌هایم را تماشا کنم. همچنین چیزهای زیادی برای خوردن خریده‌ام.
بهزاد: بی‌خیال! از اینکه یک آدم معتاد به تلویزیون باشی دست بردار! من حدس می‌زنم زمان زیادی است که ورزش نکرده‌ای. فکر کنم الان کمی چاق هستی.
سینا: مم... در واقع تو راست می‌گویی. در سه ماه، پنج کیلو اضافه کرده‌ام. واقعا دوست ندارم حرکت کنم.
بهزاد: دیدی؟ من بهت گفتم. کار با کامپیوترها برای مدت زیاد افراد را بیمار و افسرده می‌کند. من جایی دربارهٔ این خوانده‌ام.
سینا: باشد، تو بردی!... کی و کجا باید همدیگر را ملاقات کنیم؟

New Words & Expressions

A. Look, Read and Practice.

B. Read and Practice.

physical: relating to the body; Swimming is a physical sport.

جسمانی: وابسته به بدن؛ شنا یک ورزش جسمانی است.

calm: without worry; My teacher has a very calm manner.

آرام: بدون نگرانی؛ معلم من رفتار بسیار آرامی دارد.

balanced: with all parts existing in the correct amounts; A balanced diet contains lots of fruits and green vegetables.

متعادل (متوازن): با تمام قسمت‌های موجود در مقادیر صحیح؛ یک رژیم متعادل شامل میوه‌ها و سبزیجات فراوانی است.

recent: happening or starting a short time ago; The price of bananas has increased in recent weeks.

تازه (اخیر): رخ دادن یا شروع شدن در زمان کمی قبل‌تر؛ قیمت موزها در هفته‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است.

emotional: relating to the emotions; Her doctor said the problem was more emotional than physical.

احساسی: وابسته با احساسات؛ دکتر او گفت مشکل بیشتر احساسی بود تا جسمانی.

prevent: to stop something from happening; Daily exercise can prevent diseases.

جلوگیری کردن: مانع رخداد چیزی شدن؛ تمرین‌های روزانه می‌تواند از بیماری‌ها جلوگیری کند.

relationship: the way in which two or more people feel and behave towards each other. She has a very good relationship with her aunt.

خویشاوندی (رابطه): روندی که در آن دو فرد یا افراد بیشتری نسبت به هم احساس و با یکدیگر تعامل دارند؛ او رابطهٔ بسیار خوبی با عمه‌اش دارد.

C. Go to Part П of your Workbook and do A and B.

Reading

Having a Healthier and Longer Life

Have you ever thought of a healthy lifestyle to live longer? People can do many things to have a healthier life. Most people have a special diet or do lots of exercise; however, without a careful plan they may hurt themselves.

To have a healthier lifestyle, people need to do certain things. First they should check their general health. Measuring blood pressure and heartbeat is the most important thing to do. They also need to check their family health history. In this way, they understand if anyone in the family has had a special illness.

Another thing is paying attention to physical health. For example, eating healthy food helps people live longer and prevents diseases. Eating junk food makes people gain weight, and increases the risk of heart attack. Eating balanced servings of bread, vegetables, fruits, protein, and oil is necessary for everyone. Also, daily exercises improve people’s health condition.

An effective way to enjoy a better lifestyle is having healthy relationships with others. Recent research has shown that a good social life decreases the risk of death. Sadly, some people do not visit their relatives very often these days. They are really busy with their work and usually use technology to communicate.

Bad habits and addiction can be harmful to health. One day of smoking can take around 5 hours away from the smoker’s life. Addiction to technology such as using computers for a long time is also dangerous.

Above all, the most important thing to enjoy a good life is having emotional health. Praying decreases stress and gives people a calm and balanced life. People with this lifestyle have had a better life.

There are many other things people can do to live healthier and longer. The key point, however, is having a plan for the way they want to live and take care of their physical and emotional health.

آیا شما تا به‌حال به یک سبک زندگی سالم برای اینکه طولانی‌تر زندگی کنید فکر کرده‌اید؟ مردم می‌توانند کارهای زیادی برای داشتن یک زندگی سالم‌تر انجام دهند. بیشتر مردم رژیم خاصی دارند یا تمرین‌های زیادی انجام می‌دهند؛ هرچند بدون یک برنامه دقیق، آنها ممکن است به خودشان آسیب برسانند.

برای داشتن یک سبک زندگی سالم‌تر، مردم نیاز به انجام کارهای مشخصی دارند. در ابتدا آنها باید سلامت عمومی‌شان را چک کنند. اندازه‌گیری فشار خون و ضربان قلب مهم‌ترین چیز برای انجام دادن است. آنها همچنین نیاز دارند که سابقهٔ سلامتی خانواده‌شان را چک کنند. به این طریق، اگر کسی که در خانواده بیماری خاصی داشته باشد، آنها متوجه می‌شوند.

کار دیگر، توجه کردن به سلامت جسمی است. برای مثال، خوردن غذای سالم به افراد کمک می‌کند که بیشتر زندگی کنند و از بیماری‌ها جلوگیری می‌کند. خوردن تنقلات باعث می‌شود افراد وزن اضافه کنند و خطر حملهٔ قلبی را افزایش می‌دهد. خوردن وعده‌های متوازن نان، سبزیجات، میوه‌ها، پروتئین و روغن برای همه لازم است. همچنین تمرین‌های روزانه وضعیت سلامت افراد را بهبود می‌بخشد.

یک روش مؤثر برای لذت بردن از یک سبک زندگی بهتر، داشتن روابط سالم با دیگران است. تحقیقات اخیر نشان داده است که یک زندگی اجتماعی خوب خطر مرگ را کاهش می‌دهد. متأسفانه، این روزها برخی افراد اقوامشان را بیشتر مواقع ملاقات نمی‌کنند. آنها واقعاً مشغول کارشان هستند و معمولاً برای ارتباط برقرار کردن از فناوری استفاده می‌کنند.

عادت‌های بد و اعتیاد می‌تواند برای سلامتی مضر باشد. یک روز سیگار کشیدن می‌تواند تقریباً پنج ساعت از عمر فرد سیگاری را کم کند. اعتیاد به فناوری مانند استفاده طولانی مدت از کامپیوترها نیز خطرناک است.

مخصوصاً، مهم‌ترین چیز برای لذت بردن از یک زندگی خوب، داشتن سلامت احساسی است. عبادت، استرس را کاهش می‌دهد و به افراد یک زندگی آرام و متعادل می‌دهد. افراد با این سبک زندگی، زندگی بهتری داشته‌اند.

کارهای زیاد دیگری وجود دارد که مردم می‌توانند انجام دهند تا سالم‌تر و طولانی‌تر زندگی کنند. به هرحال نکتهٔ کلیدی داشتن یک برنامه برای شیوه‌ای که آنها می‌خواهند زندگی کنند و مراقبت از سلامت جسمانی و احساسی‌شان است.

Reading Comprehension

A. Read the following sentences. Find each idea in the Reading and then write the number of the paragraph that discusses it.

- Having a healthy relationship with others makes our lives better. Paragraph 3.
- Addiction is a harmful habit. Paragraph 4.
- Paying attention to our food is necessary for our p hysical health. Paragraph 2.

B. Skim the Reading. Circle the main idea

a) Smoking is harmful to health.
b) Having a healthy and long life needs a careful plan.
c) Praying gives people a healthy life.

C. Scan the Reading to find the following information.

a) What increases the risk of heart attack? Eating junk food makes people agin weight, and increases the risk of heart attack.
b) How can we check our general health? You can cheeck your geneal health with measuring blood pressure and heathbeat.
c) What is the most important factor to have a healthier life? The most important factor for having a healthier life is emotional health.

Vocabulary Development

A. Read the following words. Circle the prefixes:

disagree / midterm / uncle / unsafe / read / image / reality / incomplete / disorder / unfortunately

B. Read the following words. Circle the suffixes:

scanner / powerful / homeless / paper / replay / invitation / cultural / famous / family

C. Read the fourth paragraph of the Reading and find five suffixes:

effective / healthy / sadly / really / usually

D. Look at the nouns. Their adjective forms are given in the Reading. Find them.

Grammar

A. Read the following texts.

B. Read the following examples.

Affirmative

- Amir has written a letter.
- I have watched that movie.

Negative

- My mother has not made a cake.
- The students haven’t finished their homework.

Interrogative

- Have you been to Paris?
- Has Mr. Ahmadi produced that movie?

C. Tell your teacher how ‘present perfect tense’ is made.

D. Read the Conversation and underline all ‘present perfect verbs’.

have thought, has shown, have had

E. Read the following paragraph and choose the best verb forms.

I am 55 years old now and I am going to retire this week. When I look back and read the book of my life, I see that I (have/have had) a very interesting life. I was born into a good family. My father was a teacher and my mother was a nurse. They always worked very hard and gave me a normal and healthy life. When I was a kid, I (wanted / have wanted) to become a firefighter. After university, I (join/joined) the Fire Service. I (have worked/work) there for 30 years. It is a really difficult but exciting job. I (worked/work) very hard to become a good firefighter. I (have been/was) in many missions for the past 25 years. But honestly, I don’t remember how many lives I (have saved/save) and how many people I (have made/make) happy. Of course one thing I know for sure: I (have enjoyed/enjoy) every minute of my life as a firefighter.

F. Read the following examples.

I’ve known them since 2008.
We’ve lived here for 20 years.
He hasn’t got a job yet.
Have they ever traveled to Madrid?

G. Pair up and talk about the things you have and have not done. You may use ‘since’, ‘for’, ‘yet’, or ‘ever’ in your questions and answers.

Example: I have studied lesson 4.
               I haven’t done my English homework yet.

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-

H. Go to Part III of your Workbook and do A and B.

See Also (Phrasal verbs)

Read the following examples. Check the meaning of the phrasal verbs.

- Would you like to leave a message? No, I’ll call back later.
- Have you checked in? Oh, yes. I am in my room now.
- When did you get up? Early in the morning.
- Has your father given up smoking? Yes, he knows smoking is harmful to his health.
- Did she go to school in Karaj? No, she grew up in Lavasan.
- Hurry up! We’re late.
- Sara looked after us very well. She’s an excellent cook.
- Turn off the washing machine. It’s making too much noise.
- James usually wakes up early. But today he’s still asleep.

Listening & Speaking

A. You may use ‘present perfect tense’ to ask and talk about past experiences.

A: Have you ever played the game ‘Travel to Mars’?
B: Oh, yes. I have learned to play it recently. But I don’t want to play it again.
A: Really? Why?
B: It takes a lot of my time. I have attended a Spanish class since last Monday. I like to spend my time on that.
A: I see. But you can play it in your free time.
B: I don’t know. I haven’t thought about that yet.

B. Listen to the following conversations and fill in the blanks.

Conversation 1

1- Hamid was on a volleyball team.
2- He has quit the team to study more.

Conversation 2

1- Farideh wants to lose weight.
2- Farideh has tried many different diets.

Pronunciation

A. Listen to the following sentences. All of the words are important and thus they are all stressed.

1. Watch out!
2. Come back!
3. Sit down!
4. Go away!
5. Take care!

B. Say the following sentences with appropriate stress patterns.

1. Get away!
2. Turn round!
3. Wake up!
4. Hurry up!
5. Take care!

Writing

A. Change the following verbs into gerunds. Then complete the sentences.

write / eat / travel / do

1) Eating fast food makes you fat.
2) Traveling by train is cheap and safe.
3) Writing English well is one of my goals.
4) Doing regular exercise is useful for everyone.

B. Change the following verbs into gerunds. Then complete the sentences.

play / walk / fish /  do

1) My sister enjoys walking in the rain.
2) Mehran loves playing volleyball.
3) My dad goes fishing on Fridays.
4) Has she finished doing her homework?

C. Using gerunds (as subject and object) make five sentences about yourself, your family or your friends.

1- Brushing your teach is important.
2- Jogging and runnung are two hobbies of mine.
3- My mom likes shopping.
4- Her father quit smoking a year ago.
5- flying makes me nervous.

D. Read the following sentences. Which of the underlined words is a gerund?

1) They were watching a football match when I called.
2) Saeed is cycling in the park right now.
3) Farzaneh enjoys watching scientific movies.
4) My favorite sport is hiking.

E. Find all gerunds in the Conversation. Which one has come after a preposition?

What You Learned

A. Listen to the first part of a report.

1. Complete the sentences based on what you’ve just heard.
- Some people have three bad habits. They are smoking, not exercising, and not eating enough fruits.
- By making just a few changes in their lifestyle, people may live longer.

2. Listen again and list all ‘present perfect tenses’.
have risked, have found

B. Now read the rest.

People’s busy lifestyle in big cities has created many problems for their health. Rushing to and from school and work has made it hard for everyone to be physically active. Many people do not have time to cook or prepare healthy food. They eat unhealthy snacks and junk food. This type of diet has changed people’s taste and many young people now prefer fast food to homemade dishes. Watching TV and working with technology for long hours have also risked people’s health. They have increased the risk of heart diseases and sleep disorders. So the things that seem so simple now can cause serious problems in the future.

3. Skim the text and suggest a title for it. 
Three bad habits that risk people’s health.

4. Scan the text and underline all ‘gerunds’.
rushing, watching, working

C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer.

- Name three things people have to change in their lifestyle.
Exercise more, eat healthy food, and limit watching TV or working with technology
- Is it really easy to change our lifestyle? Yes (No).
- Why is too much working with technology dangerous?
It increases the risk of heart attack and sleep disorder.