An upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previously thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals' intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal's brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning is also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved.
The underlined word "upsurge", as it is used in the paragraph of the passage, most nearly means……………
an increasingly large amount.
2 )
a decreasing amount.
3 )
a well-known amount.
4 )
an immeasurable amount.
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