■■ Reading Comprehension II
Few people enjoy getting shots at the doctor’s office. But many of these shots are important vaccines that help prevent us from getting certain diseases or types of infection.
Vaccines got their start in Europe in the 1720s, when a British woman named Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was visiting Turkey. She saw Turkish doctors purposefully inoculating, or infecting, people with small amounts of smallpox. Smallpox is a painful, deadly disease that had no cure at the time. But Lady Montagu was amazed that the patients not only recovered, but then proved to be immune to the disease! She quickly returned to England, excited to share this new procedure. But inoculation took many years to catch on. One problem was that no one had an exact way of inoculating people safely. Occasionally, patients would become fully infected and then begin spreading the disease. However, inoculation eventually saved enough people for it to become the common practice for preventing smallpox.
Some years later, a scientist named Edward Jenner discovered that people who had been infected with a disease called cowpox became resistant to smallpox. Cowpox was much less harmful than smallpox. Jenner convinced doctors to inoculate people with cowpox, which led to a very safe vaccine and far fewer outbreaks of smallpox. Finally, a French scientist named Louis Pasteur realized that Jenner’s idea could be used to treat other diseases. Since then, vaccines have been made for many other diseases, such as polio, tetanus, and rabies.
Today, scientists and doctors continue to create new vaccines that could potentially save millions of lives worldwide.
[Reading Comprehension II] What is the main idea of the passage?
1 )
Turkish patients were treated with early forms of vaccines
2 )
Multiple vaccines were created after the smallpox vaccine
The first successful vaccines were created over many years
4 )
Smallpox vaccine is the first successful vaccine to be developed
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